地理标志
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地理标志商标平遥推光漆器
Geographical indication trademark
Pingyao Polished Lacquerware
产品名称:
平遥推光漆器
地理标志证明商标注册号：
第6286254号
Product Name:
Pingyao Polished Lacquerware
Registration Number of Geographical Indication Certification Trademark:
No.6286254
产品特色
平遥推光漆器是中国四大著名漆器（北京金漆镶嵌、福建脱胎、扬州点螺）之一，是一种以手掌推出光泽而得名的手工漆器，是采用传统平遥推光漆髹饰技艺，选用生漆（国漆、大漆、土漆），植物桐油，各种入漆矿物质植物颜料，金箔、银箔、金粉、银粉、蛋壳、螺钿片、骨石等，在各种胎体上经髹、磨、推、擦进行绘、勾、堆、贴、搜、洒、沥、刻等工艺技法制成的漆艺品。
平遥推光漆器素以制作工序繁琐、复杂著称，光是刮灰就需要五到六次，而且每次都必须等到刮上去的灰完全干透，才能进行下一次刮灰。该漆器的魅力不仅仅在于精雕细琢，用料也颇有讲究，使用的是在黄土高原广泛分布着的漆树割掉树皮后流出来的一种天然漆料——大漆。
平遥推光漆器外观古朴雅致、闪亮发光，绘饰金碧辉煌，手感细腻滑润，环保无毒抗虫蛀，耐热防潮，经久耐用，具有独特的艺术特征，为漆器中的精品。
Product Features
Pingyao polished lacquerware is one of the four famous lacquerware in China (Beijing inlaid gold lacquerware, Fujian bodiless lacquerware, Yangzhou Dianluo). It is a handmade lacquerware named after the palm that pushes out luster, and adopts the traditional Pingyao polished lacquerware decoration technique. It uses raw lacquer, plant tung oil, various mineral plant pigments, gold foil, silver foil, gold powder, silver powder, eggshell, mother-of-pearl inlay pieces, bone stones, etc.. Handicrafters use various techniques such as painting, grinding, pushing, and rubbing, followed by painting, hooking, stacking, pasting, searching, sprinkling, dripping, and carving to create lacquer art pieces.
Pingyao polished lacquerware is known for its complex production process. Simply scraping the dust requires five to six times, and each time the dust must be completely dried before proceeding to the next scraping. Its charm lies not only in its exquisite craftsmanship, but also in its meticulous use of materials. It uses a natural lacquer material called raw lacquer, which is widely distributed in the Loess Plateau and flows out after cutting off the bark of lacquer trees.
The appearance of Pingyao polished lacquerware is simple and elegant, shining and shining, with golden and brilliant decorations and the touch is delicate and smooth, environmentally friendly. It is non-toxic, insect resistant, heat-resistant and moisture-proof, durable, and has unique artistic characteristics, making it a masterpiece.
人文历史
漆器的发明是人类迈向文明门槛的历史见证。天然大漆的使用穿越数千年的岁月长河和时空隧道，有着比文字更为悠久的历史，伴随历史文明代代相传。
平遥推光漆器历史悠久，兴于唐代，盛于明清。
距《山西文化掌故》记载：平遥的漆器，在唐开元年间（713-741）已具规模，初步形成了独有的风格和地方特色，在此之前，有过相当长的萌发和发展过程。山西在古代处黄河流域的中原，为三晋之地。从原始社会末期到春秋战国，漆之始用，在此时期。
据史料记载，唐开元年间，平遥的漆器匠人在传统漆器技艺的基础上，发明了以手掌推光和描金彩绘的漆器工艺。手掌推光技艺的形成与制作乐器有关系，与打理漆器家具有关系，是漆器艺人发现了人手掌与漆面接触后出现的奇迹，在偶然中发现必然，漆面越擦越亮的效果显现出来。当时，平遥的推光漆器是宫廷皇室和王公大臣、富商巨贾喜欢的宝物；明清时期，由于晋商的发展，平遥推光漆器达到鼎盛，到同治、光绪年间，平遥城内已有生产、维修和销售漆器的字号19家，漆器工艺达到300余人。平遥推光漆器随着晋商的脚步走遍大江南北，欧亚大陆。
1957年7月26日，时年46岁的任茂林与全省的七位代表参加了“全国工艺美术艺人代表大会”，朱德委员长观看了任茂林携带的参展作品，语重心长地嘱咐说：“你们一定要把山西漆器恢复起来，生产好，带出新一代徒弟。”
在党和国家领导人周恩来、朱德等老一辈的关怀下、在县委县政府的支持下，1958年3月，成立了“平遥县手工业联社推光漆合作厂”。
Humanistic History
The emergence of lacquerware is a historical witness to humanity’s progress towards civilization. The use of natural lacquer has traveled through thousands of years and time tunnels, with a history even longer than characters, and has been passed down from generation to generation along with historical civilization.
Pingyao polished lacquerware has a long history, dating back to the Tang Dynasty and flourishing during the Ming and Qing dynasties.
According to Shanxi Cultural Anecdotes, the lacquerware in Pingyao had already taken shape during the Tang Kaiyuan period (713-741), initially forming a unique style and local characteristics. Prior to this, there was a considerable process of germination and development. Shanxi was located in the Central Plains of the Yellow River Basin in ancient times and was the land of the San Jin. From the end of primitive society to the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, lacquer was first used during this period.
According to historical records, during the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty, lacquerware craftsmen in Pingyao invented the lacquerware technique of using their palms to polish and paint gold on the basis of traditional lacquerware techniques。 The formation of palm polish technique is related to the production of instruments and the maintenance of lacquer furniture。 It is a miracle that lacquer craftsmen discovered after the contact between human palms and lacquer surfaces。Behind contingency, it lies inevitability。
The more they wiped the surface, the brighter it became。 At that time, Pingyao polished lacquerware was a treasure favored by the imperial family, nobles, and wealthy merchants。 During the Ming and Qing dynasties, due to the development of Shanxi merchants, the development of Pingyao polished lacquerware reached its peak。 By the time of Tongzhi and Guangxu, there were already 19 firms producing, repairing, and selling lacquerware in Pingyao, with more than 300 lacquerware craftsmen。 Pingyao polished lacquerware followed the footsteps of the Shanxi merchants throughout China and the Eurasian continent。
On July 26, 1957, at the age of 46, Ren Maolin and seven representatives from Shanxi province attended the National Congress of Arts and Crafts Artists. Chairman Zhu De watched Ren Maolin’s exhibited works and earnestly instructed him, “You should restore Shanxi lacquerware, produce well, and bring out a new generation of apprentices.”
With the care of party and government leaders such as Zhou Enlai and Zhu De, and with the support of the county party committee and government, the Pingyao County Handicraft Cooperative Union Pingyao polished lacquerware Cooperative Factory was established in March 1958.
产地环境
平遥推光漆器的出现得益于山西自古是生产大漆的区域（由于所在的地理位置的差异，山西的漆树主要分布于海拔1000米的太行山地区）。平遥县属温带大陆性半干旱季风气候，四季分明，气候温和：年均气温10.60℃（最热月平均气温24.50℃，最冷月平均气温-5℃）；年均相对湿度58%；年平均降水量415.90毫米；年均蒸发量1785.70毫米；主导风向春秋冬季为西北风，夏季多为东南风，年平均风速2.10米/秒，适宜各种林木生长，森林覆盖率37%，为漆器提供了丰富的原材料。
Origin environment
The emergence of Pingyao polished lacquerware is due to the fact that Shanxi has always been a region for producing raw lacquer (due to geographical differences, Shanxi’s lacquer trees are mainly distributed in the Taihang Mountain at an altitude of 1000 meters).
Pingyao County belongs to a temperate continental semi-arid monsoon climate with distinct four seasons and a mild climate: an average annual temperature of 10.60℃ (the hottest month has an average temperature of 24.50℃, and the coldest month has an average temperature of -5℃); The average annual relative humidity is 58%. The average annual precipitation is 415.90 millimeters. The average annual evaporation is 1785.70 millimeters. The dominant wind direction is northwest wind in spring, autumn, and winter, and mostly southeast wind in summer. The annual average wind speed is 2.10 meters per second, suitable for the growth of various trees. The forest coverage rate is 37%, providing abundant raw materials for lacquerware.
产业发展
2006年平遥推光漆器技艺被列入首批国家级非物质文化遗产保护名录；2022年9月，平遥推光漆器入选山西首批十大专业镇。“赓续文化根脉，托起瑰宝未来”。平遥全县推光漆器行业逐步形成产业链，在促就业、保民生、稳经济中发挥了重要作用；逐步推入施行现代化企业管理的集聚性和规模化发展道路，始终以保护传承、创新发展平遥推光漆器髹饰技艺为己任，其中不乏有公司已成为“国家级文化产业示范基地”、全国版权示范单位、山西省农业产业化重点龙头企业、山西省信用引领单位、山西省中小学研学实践教育基地、晋中市品牌创新和质量攻关单位等，也有取得了自营出口权，跻身中国工艺美术行业轻工业十强的优秀企业。
Industry Development
In 2006, Pingyao polished lacquerware technique was included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage protection list. In September 2022, Pingyao polished lacquerware was selected as one of the first ten professional towns in Shanxi.
Continuing the cultural roots and supporting the precious future。 The lacquerware industry in Pingyao County has gradually formed an industrial chain, playing an important role in promoting employment, protecting people’s livelihoods, and stabilizing the economy。 Pingyao is gradually pushing forward the path of agglomeration and large-scale develop-ment in implementing modern enterprise management, always taking it as its responsibility to protect, inherit, and innovate the development of Pingyao’s lacquerware painting techniques。
Among them, many companies have become “national cultural industry demonstration bases”, national copyright demonstra-tion units, key leading enterprises in agricultural industrialization in Shanxi Province, credit leading units in Shanxi Province, research and practical education bases for primary and secondary schools in Shanxi Province, and brand innovation and quality research units in Jinzhong 。 Some have also obtained self operated export rights and become excellent enterprises in the top ten light industry of China’s arts and crafts industry。 |
发表于 2024-4-29 12:01:50
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